In the past, there have been numerous accidents and institutional failures. Thalidomide, smoking, and asbestos were once hailed as beneficial. Yet each proved disastrous, causing birth defects, lung cancer, and asbestosis respectively. Once thought to be modern marvels, these innovations turned out to be disasters which no one saw coming. These incidents remind us that institutions are human creations and thus fallible. Assuming they have achieved perfection blinds us to emerging threats. There is a need to have a method to see the next institutional failure coming.
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